GRID AS THE ANSWER LIMITATIONS
COMPUTING RESOURCES
Abstraction
Grid computing, a high-performance computer system architecture that utilizes the existing grid computing technology (some of them: Globus Toolkit 4, Condor, PVM, MPI) as a component builders. With the formation of this computing grid computing infrastructure, the expected needs of researchers will be computing resources can be met and in turn can increase the competitive level.
1. Introduction
For researchers in countries with limited economic capabilities, the solutions provided by grid computing technology is an alternative that should be considered very seriously. The development of science and technology, including those conducted with the help of a computer (e-Science), should not be stopped just because of lack of funds. Grid computing technology allows researchers utilize computing resources that have been there as much as possible. By using this technology, researchers can combine computers that are in places that are geographically separated into a single computer system. Combined many computers as a whole is able to provide computing resources to match or even more with the computer category supercomputer. Furthermore, the computer system can be used jointly by the researchers, who also came from agencies whose location is different. On the whole, not just the technology of grid computing enables researchers to apply e-Science to develop science and technology at a relatively "affordable", but also can take advantage of existing computing resources as efficiently as possible jointly by many researchers.
2. Discussion
2.1. Evolution of Grid Computing
Grid computing technology is a technology that has been developed over a long period. In evolution we see the development of similar technologies ranging from Condor 0, followed by PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) 0 and MPI (Message Passing Interface) 0, up to the Globus Toolkit 0. Since the beginning, the researchers in the field of high performance computing has been using two approaches 0, (1) supercomputer, built a computer with high-performance hardware technology, and (2) multicomputer, building a computer system with an interconnected network technology and software. The first approach generally produces a high-performance computer, but it's worth so expensive that only can be owned by only a handful of parties. The second approach is to produce a computer system whose performance varies according to the number of computers belonging and software configurations used.
Although the price of a high-performance computer systems built with multicomputer approach is more affordable than the supercomputer, has been limited. The network-based computer system is generally applied to computers connected in a local area network (LAN). One reason is the network security problems that have not been handled properly. In addition, support software system that allows the computers working as one generally has a complex configuration so that the user must have a particular expertise before it can take advantage of the computer system.
In line with the development of Internet technology and computer-related technologies such as data communication protocols, network security technology, distributed pemgrograman technologies, programming languages and technologies that are independent of the architecture of the computer-based system of high-performance computer networks become easier to implement and use.
2.2. Grid Computing & Solutions Offered
In recent years, a group of researchers in the field of high performance computing to seriously focus on the development of network-based computer system as described above using a technology known as grid computing technology 0.
Grid computing technology is a way of merging the resources owned many computers connected in a network so as to form a unified computer system with computing resources on a scale approaching the amount of computing resources of computers that make it up. Furthermore, some or all computing resources can be worn by the user according to the needs of each. Naming the "grid" to borrow a term used here in electricity 0, where power plants are connected to each other to jointly supply the electricity needs of its users. Individual users use only a portion of the electrical power generated by all the powerhouse.
In contrast to its predecessor technologies such as Condor, PVM, or MPI, grid computing technologies supplemented by components which enable the utilization of computing resources are pooled in a more optimal and secure. To view the components of grid computing technology, will be described briefly here Globus Toolkit system developed by researchers at Argonne National Laboratory, USA 0. System Globus Toolkit is a grid computing technologies that are popular and widely used by hand the those who want to integrate their computing resources spread into one unit.
Specifically, the system Globus Toolkit that will be discussed here is the system Globus Toolkit version 4 (GT4) 0, which is the latest version of the Globus Toolkit system. GT4 system built using Web Services technology 0 which has developed into a standard in distributed software development. Web Services technology allows GT4 adopt the concept of service-oriented (service-oriented) who use the service, not the hardware, the basic component of the building. On top of this GT4 Web Services to build the main components of a grid computing system below.
2.3.Infrastruktur Computing Grid
With the increasing need for researchers to be the computing resources to conduct e-Science as already mentioned upfront and development of grid computing technology that some states have taken the initiative to implement grid computing infrastructure at the national level. Some examples include: India 0, Singapore 0, and Japan 0.
A grid computing infrastructure will be able to reduce the investment cost than if each of these institutions must hold their own computing devices. Furthermore, grid computing system that requires the use of computing resources together will foster a spirit of collaboration among the researchers. One thing that is very positive.
Seeing the benefits that can be provided by the existence of an infrastructure of grid computing at the national level, this paper proposed a draft RI-GRID, namely infrastructure grid computing at the level of the Republic of Indonesia, which aims to take advantage of computing resources that are research institutions both now and in the future so that it can be used by researchers in these countries to develop science and technology.
2.4.Arsitektur GRID COMPUTING
Figure 1 below shows the architectural design of grid computing infrastructure. As shown in the figure, GRID COMPUTING constructed by combining the systems that are in the grid computing research institutions (GRID-2, 3, 4) into a single unit. Configuring the hardware and software of each system at the institutional level can vary, but by operating the grid computing technology such as GT4 on connecting vertices of each system, the whole system is to form a unity grid computing infrastructure. With this configuration, if needed, a user in an institution can take advantage of computing resources that are outside the institution.
The configuration shown in Figure 1 above does not require each system at the institutional level to change the configuration of each system significantly. If an institution has implemented a grid computing technologies such as SUN Grid Engine (SGE) or network-based computing technologies such as PVM, MPI, Condor GT4 then the system can be configured to coordinate with each of these technologies.
One of the prerequisites for the establishment of GRID COMPUTING is the availability of a large-capacity backbone network to connect the nodes connecting in each institution (should have a bandwidth from 2 Mbps up to 155 Mbps).
GRAM: Grid Resource Allocation & Management
This component is responsible for managing the entire computing resources available in the grid computing system. This management includes the execution of the program on all computers that are members of the grid computing system, starting from initiation, monitoring, until the scheduling (scheduling) and inter-process coordination.
An interesting thing with GT4 system is its ability to work closely with the management systems of computing resources that have been there before like Condor, PVM or MPI. With this mechanism, the programs that have been built previously did not need to be rebuilt or if they should be modified, the minimum modification, if it will run in a grid computing environment based on GT4.
RFT / GridFTP: Reliable File Transfer / Grid File Transfer Protocol
This component allows users to access data from the large-sized knots incorporated in the computing grid computing systems are efficient and reliable. This is important because the computing performance not only depends on how fast the computers belonging to the grid computing system is executing the program, but also how fast the data required in the computing accessible. Keep in mind that the data needed by a process not always on the computer that executes the process.
MDS: Monitoring and Discovery Service
This component allows users GT4 monitoring system of the computing process that is ongoing so that the problems that arise can be immediately known. Meanwhile, the discovery aspect of this component allows users identi-fication of the existence of the following characteristics of computing resources.
GSI: Grid Security Infrastructure
This component is responsible for the security of the grid computing system as a whole. This component also which is one distinguishing feature GT4 technology with its predecessor technologies such as PVM or MPI. With the implementation of security mechanisms integrated with components other grid computing, grid computing technology-based systems such as the GT4 can be accessed by the public (WAN) without lowering the level of safety.
GT4 security system built on components that have been tested security standards, which include data protection, authentication, delegation, and authorization. The basic configuration GT4 assuming both users and services using standard security uses standard X.509 public key.
3. Cover
High-performance computing systems based on grid computing technology is not synonymous with high-priced computer system. Furthermore, grid computing infrastructure can be built by combining computational resources that already exist into a single unit which can then contribute to the development of science and technology. In fact, prinsipkolaborasi underlying grid computing technology can be a valuable lesson for us to implement it in the context of another life.
- Analisa
link referensi :
- https://fatmadonghae.wordpress.com/2013/05/08/jurnal-komputasi-modern/
- http://aditiobawono.blogspot.co.id/2014/04/jurnal-komputasi-modern.html
